6 Neuroscience Research Laboratory in Marrakesh Medical School, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.5 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.4 Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.3 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University, NOROM, Ankara, Turkey.2 Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, EMAR Medical Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 1 Van Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey.Factors associated with acute medication overuse in people with migraine: results from the 2017 migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Definitions of medication-overuse headache in population-based studies and their implications on prevalence estimates: a systematic review. Headache: with special reference to the excessive use of ergotamine preparations and withdrawal effects. Appropriate treatment is usually highly effective, leading to reduced headache burden and acute medication consumption. Treatment of MOH includes the use of headache preventive therapies, but essential to success is eliminating the cause, by reducing the frequency of use of acute headache medication, and perhaps withdrawing the overused medication altogether. Pathophysiological mechanisms of MOH include altered descending pain modulation, central sensitization and biobehavioural factors. The diagnosis of MOH is based on the history and an unremarkable neurological examination, and is made according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition (ICHD-3). As MOH is both preventable and treatable, it warrants greater attention and awareness. Although MOH is associated with substantial disability and reductions in quality of life, this condition is often under-recognized. MOH is common among individuals with 15 or more headache days per month. Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary headache disorder attributed to overuse of acute headache medications by a person with an underlying headache disorder, usually migraine or tension-type headache. 14 Montefiore Headache Center, Bronx, NY, USA.13 Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.12 Department of Neuroepidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.11 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.10 Headache Science & Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS C.9 Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.8 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.7 Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.6 Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.5 Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.4 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.3 Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

1 BIDMC Comprehensive Headache Center, Department of Neurology and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

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